Hydrangea (/ha?'dre?nd?i?/;common titles hydrangea or hortensia) is a genus of 70-75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, the Himalayas, and Indonesia) and the Americas. Probably the greatest varieties diversity is eastern Asia, notably China, Japan, and Korea. Most are shrubs 1 to 3 meters large, however, many are small trees and shrubs, among others lianas reaching up to 30 m (98 ft) by climbing up trees and shrubs. They can be either evergreen or deciduous, although broadly cultivated temperate varieties are deciduous.Having been introduced to the Azores, H. macrophylla is quite typical now, on Faial particularly, which is recognized as the "blue island" because of the multitude of hydrangeas present on the island.Life cycleHydrangea bouquets are produced from early spring to late fall months; they grow in flowerheads (corymbs or panicles) frequently at the ends of the stems.
Usually the flowerheads contain two types of blossoms: small non-showy blooms in the guts or interior of the flowerhead, and large, showy blossoms with large bright colored sepals (tepals). These showy plants are extended in a band often, or to the surface of the small flowers. Crops in wild populations typically have few to none of the showy flowers, while cultivated hydrangeas have been selected and bred to have more of the larger type plants.There are two flower arrangements in hydrangeas with Corymb style inflorescens, which include the commonly grown "bigleaf hydrangea"--Hydrangea macrophylla. Mophead bouquets are large rounded flowerheads resembling pom-poms or, as the name suggests, the relative head of an mop. In contrast, lacecap flowers bear round, flat flowerheads with a center core of subdued, small bouquets surrounded by outer bands of bigger flowers having showy tepals or sepals.
The bouquets of some viburnums and rhododendrons can seem, at first glance, very much like those of some hydrangeas.Colors and garden soil acidityIn most varieties the blooms are white, but in some varieties (notably H. macrophylla), can be blue, red, green, light purple, or dark crimson. In these varieties the colour is affected by the occurrence of lightweight aluminum ions which are available or tangled up depending after the garden soil pH. For H. h and macrophylla. serrata cultivars, the flower color can be dependant on the relative acidity of the soil: an acidic soil (pH below 7), will supply aluminum ions and typically produce flowers that are blue to purple, whereas an alkaline soil (pH above 7) will tie up aluminum ions and result in pink or red flowers.
This is caused by a color change of the blossom pigments in the presence of aluminium ions which can be taken up into hyperaccumulating crops.[6] Decreasing the pH of potting soils or mixes usually will not change the flower color to blue, because these soils have no aluminum ions. The ability to blue or green a hydrangea is also inspired by the cultivar. Some plants are selected for their ability to be blued, while some are bred and selected to be red, pink or white. The flower color of most other Hydrangea species is not damaged by aluminum and cannot be changed or shifted. Hydrangeas also have a nickname called 'Change Rose'.
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